Palma, Ricardo
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Ricardo Palma (1833 - 1919) was a Peruvian (peruano) author and scholar. His magnum opus is the Tradiciones Peruanas [[1]].,[1]
Young Ricardo Palma became a naval officer, and later a journalist, and a politician before gaining reputation as a historian with his book on the Spanish Inquisition operating in the viceroyalty of Peru (Inquisition of Lima, Peru, 1863). He became Director the National Library of Peru for many years until his death in 1919. Palma successfully took on the task of rebuilding the National Library after its ransack and destruction by the occupation forces of the Chilean army following the battle of Lima during the War of the Pacific. Palma was able to bring the National Library back from the ashes to its previous stature and allowed it to be again recognized as one of the top libraries in South America. It was trough his personal friendship with the then Chilean president Domingo Santa María, that Mr. Palma was able to recover and estimated 10,000 books back from Chilean hands, as well as many others works which were recovered through his own personal efforts.
Palma has become better known for creating and developing a literary genre known as tradiciones - a mixture of fiction and history with the author's declared intention to amuse and educate. It is by creatively using poetical license and by deviating from true history and approaching almost pure fiction that he accomplishes his goal to reach the reader. The historical fiction of his "Tradiciones Peruanas" span several centuries with themes concerning mainly earlier colonial and republican times in Peru. Tradiciones were published from 1872 to 1910 in a series of volumes some of which are freely available in the web (see at the bottom of this page for link) ,[2] . There are also many different editions and selections also comercially available. As a source of historical fact the "Tradiciones Peruanas" do not meet sufficient accuracy or reliability to be considered "history," and his author never intended to be so. Since they are primarily historical fiction they should be understood and enjoyed as such since the authors' opinion and those of the other primary sources or oral narrators of the stories he collects and transmit us as well as hearsay play a heavy role in his stories. This apparent lack of historical value is counterbalanced largely by the strong literary appeal of the writings which even up to this day entertain and amuse readers of all ages. Ricardo Palma made therefore a considerable contribution to Peruvian and South American literature. Some critics have classified Tradiciones as part of the 19th century Romanticism along the lines of Jose Maria Eguren and similar writers. Most, however, would agree that the universality of the "Tradiciones Peruanas" and the enduring success they enjoy may be due to its being a window that lets you take a deep look into the idiosincracies or national soul, culture and novelated history of the Peruvian people, at least as it existed previous the early 20th century and possibly even up to this day.
More recently a University was named after him (Universidad Ricardo Palma) in Lima, Peru.
Secondary Reading Sources
- Avelar, Idelber, "Transculturation and Nationhood". Literary Cultures of Latin America: A Comparative History. Eds. Mario J. Valdés & Djelal Kadir. 3 vols. Oxford University Press, 2004: III, 251-257.
- Andreu, Alicia G. "Una nueva aproximación al lenguaje en las Tradiciones peruanas de Ricardo Palma". Spanish American Literature: From Romanticism to 'Modernismo' in Latin America. Eds. David William Foster & Daniel Altamiranda. New York & London: Garland, 1997: 175-190.
- Bazán, Dora. Mujeres, ideas y estilo en 'Las tradiciones' de Palma. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma/Universitaria, 2001.
- Chang-Rodríguez, Raquel. "Elaboración de fuentes en 'Carta canta' y 'papelito jabla lengua'". Kentucky Romance Quarterly 24.4 (1977): 433-439.
- Cornejo Polar, Antonio. La formación de la tradición literaria en el Perú. Lima: CEP, 1989: 57-66.
- ___. Escribir en el aire. Ensayo sobre la heterogeneidad socio-cultural en las literaturas andinas. Lima: Editorial Horizonte, 1994:107-112.
- Durán Luzio, Juan. "Ricardo Palma, cronista de una sociedad barroca". Revista Iberoamericana 140 (julio-septiembre 1987): 581-593.
- Higgins, James. A History of Peruvian Literature. Liverpool: Francis Cairns, 1987: 66-70.
- Lindstron, Naomi. Early Spanish American Narrative. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004; sobre Palma, 165-170.
- Mariátegui, José Carlos. "Ricardo Palma, Lima y la Colonia". En siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana. México: ERP, 1988: 218-227;
- Mariátegui, José Carlos. "Ricardo Palma, Lima and the Colony". In Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality. Trans. Marjory Urquidi. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971: 195-203.
- Miró, César. Don Ricardo Palma: El Patriarca de las Tradiciones. Buenos Aires: Editorial Losada, 1953.
- Moreano, Cecilia. Relaciones literarias entre España y el Perú: la obra de Ricardo Palma. Prólogo de Pura Fernández. Lima, Perú: Universidad Ricardo Palma, Editorial Universitaria, 2004.
- Palma, Edith. "Ricardo Palma y sus Tradiciones peruanas". Tradiciones peruanas completas. Por Ricardo Palma. Madrid: Aguilar, 1964: xvii-xl
- Palma, Ricardo. Tradiciones peruanas. Eds. Julio Ortega y Flor María Rodríguez-Arenas. Nanterre, France: Allca XXe, Université Paris X, 1996. Esta edición de las Tradiciones de Ricardo Palma contiene numerosos artículos de excelente calidad.
- Puccini, Darío. "La doble oralidad y otras claves de lectura de Ricardo Palma". Spanish American Literature: From Romanticism to 'Modernismo' in Latin America. Eds. David William Foster & Daniel Altamiranda. New York & London: Garland, 1997: 169-174.
- Riva-Agüero, José. Carácter de la literatura del Perú independiente. En Obras completas de José de la Riva-Agüero. Lima: Universidad Católica del Perú, 1962. Sobre Palma, pp. 176-179.
- Rodríguez Chávez, Iván. Otra ventana sobre Ricardo Palma. Lima, Perú: Universidad Ricardo Palma/Editorial Universitaria, 2003.
- Rodríguez-Peralta, Phyllis. "Liberal Undercurrents in Palma's Tradiciones peruanas". Spanish American Literature: From Romanticism to 'Modernismo' in Latin America. Eds. David William Foster & Daniel Altamiranda. New York & London: Garland, 1997: 153-167.
- Sánchez, Luis Alberto. “Ricardo Palma”. Escritores representativos de América. Tres vols. Primera serie. Segunda edicición. Madrid: Gredos, 1963: 2: 96-106.
- Tauzin Castellanos, Isabelle. Claves de una coherencia: las "Tradiciones peruanas" de Ricardo Palma. Lima : Universidad Ricardo Palma, 1999.
- Valero Juan, Eva Maria. Lima en la tradición literaria del Perú. Lleida: Universidat de Lleida, 2003: 88-93.
- Various Authors. Aula Palma: discursos de incorporación, 1998-1999. Lima, Perú: nstituto Ricardo Palma, 1999.
- Ward, Thomas. La teoría literaria: romanticismo, krausismo y modernismo ante la 'globalización' industrial. University, MS: University of Mississippi, "Romance Monographs", 2004: 138-140.
References
This biographical information was gathered from the Ricardo_Palma page, courtesy of the Wikipedia project.
Books
Tradiciones peruanas
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