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Abbe, Ernst, 1840-1905

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Ernst Abbe
Ernst Karl Abbe (1840-1905)
Ernst Karl Abbe (1840-1905)
Born January 23, 1840
Eisenach, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Died January 14, 1905
Jena, Germany
Residence Germany
Nationality German
Field Physicist
Institutions University of Jena
Alma mater University of Göttingen
University of Jena
Academic advisor   Wilhelm Weber
Carl Snell
Notable students   Heinrich Friedrich Weber
Known for Abbe number

Ernst Karl Abbe (January 23, 1840 in Eisenach – January 14, 1905 in Jena), was a German physicist. He was a professor at the University of Jena.

Abbe is best known for his work in optics. He designed the first refractometer. He discovered the Abbe number, a measure of any transparent material's variation of refractive index with wavelength. Already a professor in Jena, he was hired by Carl Zeiss to improve the manufacturing process of optical instruments, which back then was largely based on trial and error. In a long and fruitful collaboration, Abbe created the mathematical foundation of microscope design, which became essential for the later preeminent position of the Zeiss company. In particular, he discovered the Abbe sine condition, a breakthrough in lens design. He also invented the Abbe condenser, used for microscope illumination.[1] During his association with Carl Zeiss' microscope works he also introduced the eight-hour workday, in remembrance of the 14-hour workday of his own father.

The Abbe crater on the Moon was named in his honour.

See also:

  • Abbe condenser
  • Abbe number
  • Abbe prism
  • Abbe refractometer
  • Abbe sine condition
  • Aberration in optical systems
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References

  1. ^ "Abbe, Ernst". Encyclopædia Britannica. . Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. [1].

Further reading

  • Gunther, N. "Abbe, Ernst." in Dictionary of Scientific Biography. (1970). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Vol. 1: p.6-9.

External links


Persondata
NAME Abbe, Ernst Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION German Physicist
DATE OF BIRTH January 23, 1840
PLACE OF BIRTH Eisenach, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1905
PLACE OF DEATH Jena, Germany

This biographical information was gathered from the Ernst_Abbe page, courtesy of the Wikipedia project.

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